Tax units and basic taxes
Hane (from Turkish: home, house) was a tax unit in the Ottoman Empire. The term was used in Ottoman tax practice to refer to tax units of varying scope and was applied to both non-Muslim and Muslim populations.
Jizie Hane
The jizyah hannah is a taxing unit for collecting the jizyah tax from non-Muslims. In the 15th and 17th centuries, a jiziyeh inn corresponded most often to a family of a man, a woman and their unaccompanied children. In view of demographic studies, the jizieh khanate is taken as an average family of five, although in some areas it consisted of two or more small families united by kinship ties, collective labor and a common home (cooperative). Since after 1690-1691 the jizya tax became universal, the term lost its meaning.
Jizya tax
Jizya or Harach is a monetary tax in Muslim countries that was collected from the non-Muslim population. In the Ottoman Empire, the terms jizya and kharaj were mixed up. Both referred to the poll tax collected from Christians and Jews. The poll tax was one of the most profitable levies.
Non-Muslims participating in the Ottoman army or guarding the passes (soldiers, martolos, derventjis), as well as infirm, non-Muslim clerics, persons or groups charged with a more special service for the benefit of the central government, are exempted from paying the full or partial amount of the jizya , parents of children rounded up for Janissaries. In 1490, in the Sofia sanjak, 7 akce were collected from one soldier, while an ordinary Raet inn paid an average of 74-76 akce. Reduced jizya was paid by residents of border areas during war, the paradise of lands close to the theater of war and after devastation.
The tax was not firmly fixed and in the same amount for different areas.
Excise Tax
The term tribute was also used to refer to the tax paid to the Ottoman Empire by Christian vassal states. The status of vassalage to the empire included the obligation of the vassal Christian countries to pay a special tax. Its payment (as well as the sending of military detachments to the aid of the Ottoman troops) expressed the subordination of the respective states to the High Gate. The amount of kharaj corresponded to the degree of dependence of the respective country. Refusing to pay tribute was tantamount to rejecting Ottoman suzerainty.
Tax collection
The imposition and collection of taxes was handled by a special department in the Defterkhaneto, called the Jiziya Accounting Office. It was collected by state officials - jiziyadars (harajars) for the benefit of the state and rarely - for the benefit of feudal lords. In the 15th century, widows were also taxed with jizya, i.e. at that time it was more of a court tax.)